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Architecture
Tomb

The grave is that the central focus of the whole complicated of the Taj Mahal. This large, white marble structure stands on a sq. pedestal associate degreed consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by an outsized dome and ornament. Like most Mughal tombs, the essential components square measure Persian in origin.
The Taj Mahal seen from the banks of stream Yamuna

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The base structure 
is basically an outsized, multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners, forming associate degree unequal polygonal shape that's more or less fifty five metres (180 ft) on every of the four long sides. On every of those sides, an enormous pishtaq, or domed entryway, frames the iwan with 2 equally formed, arched balconies stacked on either facet. This motif of stacked pishtaqs is replicated on the chamfered corner areas, creating the look fully symmetrical on all sides of the building. Four minarets frame the grave, one at every corner of the pedestal facing the chamfered corners. the most chamber homes the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the particular graves square measure at a lower level.
Viewed from the West at Sunset

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The marble dome that surmounts the grave is that the most spectacular feature. Its height of around thirty five metres (115 ft) is concerning constant because the length of the bottom, and is accentuated because it sits on a cylindrical "drum" that is roughly seven metres (23 ft) high. owing to its form, the dome is commonly known as associate degree dome or amrud (guava dome). the highest is embellished with a lotus style, that additionally serves to intensify its height. the form of the dome is emphasized by four smaller vaulted chattris (kiosks) placed at its corners, that replicate the onion form of the most dome. Their columnar bases open through the roof of the grave and supply light-weight to the inside. Tall ornamental spires (guldastas) extend from edges of base walls, and supply visual stress to the peak of the dome. The lotus motif is continual on each the chattris and guldastas. The dome and chattris square measure topped by a gilded ornament, that mixes ancient Persian and Hindustani ornamental components.

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Viewed from mosque
Reflection of Taj

The main ornament was originally made from gold however was replaced by a replica made from gilded bronze within the early nineteenth century. This feature provides a transparent example of integration of ancient Persian and Hindu ornamental components. The ornament is topped by a moon, a typical monotheism motif whose horns purpose heavenward. owing to its placement on the most tower, the horns of the moon and also the ornament purpose mix to form a spear form, harking back to ancient Hindu symbols of Shiva.[6]

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The minarets

, that square measure every quite forty metres (130 ft) tall, show the designer's predilection for symmetry. They were designed as operating minarets — a conventional part of mosques, utilized by the muadhdhin to decision the monotheism trustworthy to prayer. every tower is effectively divided into 3 equal components by 2 operating balconies that ring the tower. At the highest of the tower may be a final balcony head by a chattri that mirrors the look of these on the grave. The chattris all share constant ornamental components of a lotus style topped by a gilded ornament. The minarets were made slightly outside of the pedestal so, within the event of collapse, (a typical prevalence with several tall constructions of the period) the fabric from the towers would tend to fall off from the grave.